The recommendations proposed by the cognitive interview were followed : a calm atmosphere was promoted by pointing out that there were no right or wrong answers. The second phase consisted of a 20–30 min recorded interview. Therefore, the presence of episodic autobiographical details would not directly imply truthfulness. However, it is to be hoped that script-deviant and motivation information will be avoided, as liars find it negative to include them in their testimony. They concluded that, when lying, the strategy of including episodic details is valued as positive. investigated the relationship between the strategies employed by liars and the occurrence of criteria. The authors claim that the truth-teller takes advantage of autobiographical memory, while the liar tends to focus on appearing credible. Examples of motivational criteria are: making spontaneous corrections, admitting forgetfulness, or expressing uncertainty. Motivational criteria refer to the witness’s self-presentation efforts and the manner in which the witness presents the statement. The first group includes episodic autobiographical memory (spatial and temporal details, reproduction of conversations, emotions and feelings, among others) and script-deviant information (superfluous and unusual details, unexpected complications, related external associations, etc.). The revised CBCA technique classifies the criteria into cognitive and motivational. The amount of detail and contextual information has been recognised throughout the literature as a predictor of deception by relating it to strategic avoidance of verifiable information. However, there is a lack of consensus on the weighting of criteria, which increases sensitivity according to the discriminatory power. This checklist takes part in the Statement Validity Assessment protocol, which stipulates that the memory of a self-experienced event differs in content and quality from a non-experienced one. To examine credibility, Criteria Based Content Analysis (CBCA) is one of the most accepted techniques. By providing an objective measure, these results are of interest in developing NLP tools for assessing the credibility of testimonies in forensics. Regarding the analysis of the content, cognitive criteria (details) and admitting lack of memory were more present in truthful statements. Furthermore, in the linguistic analysis, we observed that truthful testimonies were generally longer than deceptive ones in terms of the number of words and sentences and also characterised by more articulated sentence structures, and these differences were also statistically significant. Concerning lexical properties, adjectives were the most-varying grammatical category between truthful and deceptive testimonies. Specifically, we performed a comparison of testimonies of the same participant by condition to analyse the variation between (i) lexical and (ii) linguistic features and (iii) content and speech characteristics (disfluencies) depending on the narrative condition. Analyses of the linguistic indicators and content were carried out. A sample of 48 participants volunteered to participate in the study. Cognitive interviewing techniques were used to collect testimony under two conditions: truth and simulated deception. Study participants were asked to act as a witness of a crime by retelling the story they had just read. This study aimed to examine the linguistic styles of simulated deception and true testimonies collected with the aim of studying witness memory. Considering that testimonies are commonly based on linguistic parameters, natural language processing, a research field concerned with programming computers to process and analyse natural language texts or speech, is a topic of interest on this front. The act of lying and its detection have raised interest in many fields, from the legal system to our daily lives.
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